Report on Public Relations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Report on Public Relations - Assignment Example Open RELATION Public connection is worried about notoriety of the organization. It is the aftereffect of the organizations’ observation that is created from the organization’s direct, endeavor of an association to infer certain recognition and conduct towards its items and administrations. Likewise it is planned for removing the view of partners about the association. This thus empowers association to construct the shared comprehension and altruism with partners. Partners incorporate clients, workers, providers, financial specialists, controllers and columnist (Green, 2009). These days the opposition in each industry has been exceptionally expanded. Each organization in the business looks to get the upper hand by separation and notoriety the executives is considered as one of the best device to get the serious edge. Two elements are significant in advertising for example correspondence with all the partners and the associations with all partners which is additionally th e focal thought of above definition. The remarks and assessment of partners really characterizes the company’s notoriety. ... This notice was planned to lessen the effect of the rising discussion in regards to the general wellbeing worries over soft drink items (Daily News, 2013). The message was passed on about the Coca-Cola’s record of giving beverages with littler measure of calories since it is accessible in the market. It additionally campaigned against remarks that putting on weight is the result of devouring such a large number of calories of any sort it’s not simply pop (Daily News, 2013). So also, Apple, tech monster of USA, is campaigning with government and different legislators for zero percent charge rate (Steimle, 2013). Subsequently, PR plays has increased basic situation in business. Open RELATION CONTRIBUTION TO ORGANIZATIONS The firm rivalry in all the enterprises has made the organizations to concentrate on its open picture to get the upper hand. Coming up next are the elements of advertising that can affect on any sort of business or association. The use of open connection is talked about in the general view. Creating IMAGE AND RELATIONS Public connection representatives works with the high level officials of the organization to figure a review of how the association wants to be seen in the consumers’ recognition, providers, government and other administrative bodies too other weight gatherings.. This concentrated commitment creates on exact the precise message or correspondence. Associations make an arrangement on the broad yet engaged layouts of a notoriety building effort to spread that message in to the ideal arrangement of gathering (L'Etang, 2006a). Effort STAKEHODLERS COLLECTIVELY THROUGH EVENTS AND EXPAND CUSTMOER BASE The experts of advertising sort out occasions to lift up the picture or profile of the association

Approaches to Decision Making Essay

There are two regular approaches to settle on choices with respect to changes in an association, particularly when others are engaged with the final product. The two different ways is settle on choices independently, settling on the choice without anyone else or by making a board, getting others engaged with the procedure. Realizing that something needs to change, implies that there has been an issue recognized, assessing choices and afterward choosing the arrangement. Contingent upon the issue and the measures that will be assessed in settling on an official choice, this will play a significant factor on whether independently settling on the choice is superior to a cooperative choice. When settling on choices and changes that are going to impact many, it regularly is smarter to settle on cooperative choices. For bigger organizations, it is ordinary that a board of trustees or a group would be made. Uniting people of the association that would be affected by these changes. Having a council engaged with the choice brings more perspectives, musings, past encounters and recommendations to the table to be assessed for ideal arrangements. Favorable circumstances of a collective choice is there are more choices contributed, the better possibilities that choices made would be acknowledged by those associated with the choice also. â€Å"Quantities and decent variety of data are most noteworthy when bunch individuals speak to various specialities†. (Robbins, DeCenzo, and Coulter, 2011, p. 71). Finding an appropriate arrangement is half of the fight, the following half would be execution. By having a cooperative choice upheld, will build the accomplishment of changes since they were a piece of it and will empower change. In the model gave about budgetary concerns, it would be proposed that a board of trustees be made with upper administration from fund, HR, and office supervisors to talk about how overhead, for example, representatives, supplies and other capital expenses are affecting our business. Before having the underlying gathering it would be proposed for every supervisor to assess their specialty and be prepared to give recommendation of where they would have the option to roll out individual improvements without giving up the prosperity of the patients care. When all commitments are produced using every division, hearing the choices of arrangements would permit the advisory group individuals to talk about theâ changes and spot an incentive on which choices could be generally advantageous. Alternatives like lessening worker head tally or hours, rethinking merchants where supplies are bought from, dispensing with additional time costs by having back up staff accessible or changing procedures by diminishing paper trails and going electronic. Every one of these should be broke down on quick results or benefits and what the more drawn out term impacts will be. The hindrance of working with a council is that there will draw out the way toward settling on a choice, more gatherings, additional time and there could be progressively safe from people that should be â€Å"talked into† this choice. In the model about creation spending cuts, one could settle on the choice alone and not talk with some other offices. The individual creation choices to cut staff, supplies or capital expenses would need to have a thorough comprehension of all expenses related with the association and what suggestions could be by lessening spending plans. Despite the fact that it is only one individual settling on the choice, it is essential to in any case do an intensive assessment of what the issues are, assess different arrangements and gauge the advantages or results of these changes. It would be essential to getting budgetary month to month articulations/costs that are related with every division. The advantage of settling on choices exclusively is that numerous gatherings would be dispensed with, don't have to â€Å"sell† your thought or answer for other people, and a choice could be made snappier which will set aside time and cash for the association. The detriments of settling on a choice like this where it impacts a gathering, out gauge the advantages. You don't approach others input and past encounters who have managed comparative circumstances or hearing what concerns your administration will have. By excluding others, you have a higher possibility of the choice not being invited by all and having impervious to the change and usage. References: Robbins, S., DeCenzo, D., and Coulter, M. (2011). Basics of Management: Essential Concepts and Applications (seventh ed.).

Skilled Human Resource Management In Africa Essay

Gifted Human Resource Management In Africa - Essay Example The subject of our conversation is mind seepage from the landmass that isn't yet settled and because of such activities of people they will in general free numerous significant assets that could have been used in the advancement of their financial position. The world is presently confronting preoccupation as far as HR from one piece of the world to the next, any reasonable person would agree that informed individuals would prefer not to remain in their nation until and except if their nation is completely supporting them and giving them each essential of life, nations like America and England don't have a waste issue because of numerous reasons which are additionally identified with their money esteem, anyway Africa is confronting a difficult issue as it can't manage the cost of its dexterous individuals to leave it which is occurring. Pretty much every nation is having a class that is eager to remain in it and work with commitment, however such associations are furnishing its representatives with something awesome and they are spurred to work for the equivalent without considering any battle to acquire more. As ahead of schedule as the 1500s, the African slave exchange had just carried a large number of Africans to the new world. In wh at the mid period, Africans were traded from their countries to the America to create and continue estate agribusiness and to work the mines of South America in another and new condition, the Africans were contracted for determined periods, yet as the monetary focal points of their constrained work became more clear, the time of serving before long came to be extended to the length of their lives. The Africans brought their work, yet additionally aptitudes and information in territories helpful to the white colonizers. In Africa, the prisoners had been ranchers, developers, craftsmans, skilled workers, healers, and even the rulers. For a large number of the African foreigners, the excursion to the United States includes a worldwide transient example, leaving as a result of Africa's declining monetary and political issues, or to seek after training, or to get together with relatives, these migrants regularly arrive at the United States in stepwise design, some of the time living in a few different nations before figuring out how to make sure about a visa for their definitive goal in the United States. Comparative with other outsider populace gatherings, for example, Hispanics or Asians, the African workers have a low pace of naturalization. Many view themselves as guests in United States, expecting to get back when monetary and political conditions improve. Africa's cerebrum channel is occurring as the landmass remains at the emergency of financial turn of events and Africans claim for the foundation of vote based organizations and political responsibility. Africa's issue begins from the way that the pilgrim and post-pioneer strategies of financial, political, and social improvement have been surrounded from an Euro American point of view that offers next to zero importance to the necessities of the individuals on the landmass. For example, the fast extension in auxiliary and postsecondary training since 1945, albeit fundamental for financial and social turn of events, was embraced with no appraisal of how school leavers would be joined into the work showcase. The powerlessness of the work market to retain school leavers has brought about monstrous underemployment and joblessness. Unfit to secure positions, both gifted and untalented laborers are constrained to look for employments in Western

Carl Linnaeus Essay Example for Free

Carl Linnaeus Essay Linnaeus Report Born in 1707 to a nation parson in Rashult, southern Sweden, the youthful Linnaeus indicated an unmistakable fascination for plants and blossoms and by the age of eight, was given the moniker ‘the little botanist’. Linnaeus contemplated medication, first at the University of Lund and afterward at the University of Uppsala. Medication right now depended on herbals so it implied he additionally considered plants. He imparted his enthusiasm for plants to Olaf Celsius whom he met at Uppsala. Linnaeus is most broadly known for making frameworks for naming and ordering plants and creatures. Understanding that new plants were being found quicker than their connections could be set up, he initially thought of a basic order dependent on the quantity of botanical pieces of each plant. This framework stayed well known into the nineteenth century. Bit by bit Linnaeus additionally built up an arrangement of names in which every specie of plant and creature had a sort (class or gathering) name followed by a particular name. For example, Plantago virginica and Plantago lanceolataâ were the names of two species ofâ plantainâ (an herb). Botanists concurred in 1905 to acknowledge his Species plantarumâ (1753) and zoologists (researchers who study creatures) consented to acknowledge his Systema naturaeâ (1758) as the official beginning stages for logical names of plants and creatures. Heâ was one of the most persuasive researchers of his time. Hisâ theory of classication considered clear and simple portrayals of plants, creatures and minerals. So clear was his new naming framework, it is as yet utilized by researchers today.

Survival Factors of Salva Dut Essay Example

Endurance Factors of Salva Dut Paper Authority and karma are two significant endurance factors that assume a critical job in Salvas life. In the book, A Long Walk To Water by Linda Sue Park, Salva, a 11-year-old exile, utilized numerous endurance strategies to withstand the troublesome excursion of strolling shoeless over the cruel landscape of Southern Sudan. Strolling from outcast camp to exile camp, initiative and karma is the thing that at last made his excursion conceivable. Salva figured out how to endure his excursion and numerous obstructions with his administration aptitudes and dash of favorable luck. One of the endurance strategies that was built up was administration. Salva, had to escape from his country because of strict oppression. The recently selected pioneers of his clan were commandingly adjusting an exacting islamic system. Salva was then constrained into an outcast camp, a camp that pushed him alongside numerous other youngsters out. Subsequent to being driven out, Salva is confronted with the troublesome obstruction of intersection the scandalous Gilo River. Barely any individuals were known to have effectively crossed it. A portion of the difficulties were because of the degenerate local army that monitored the stream, there was likewise a solid ebb and flow in the water, and crocodiles. When Salva acknowledged he had at last made it over the waterway, he started to search for others that were sufficiently fortunate to make it as well. When he discovered the various Lost Boys had made it over, he started to stroll with them. Since he was one of the most seasoned of th e gathering, he needed to assume the job as pioneer of the gathering, and made each endeavor to manage them all to wellbeing. In spite of the fact that Salva was the most seasoned of the gathering, he could at present be viewed as a youngster according to many. This demonstration of authority reflected Salva’s genuine way of life as kind and sacrificial. In the novel, it states, He sorted out the gathering, giving everybody an occupation (PG 81).This unpleasant experience helped him become a superior chief since it constrained him to be one in the most critical circumstances. This job invigorated him the and vision t We will compose a custom exposition test on Survival Factors of Salva Dut explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Survival Factors of Salva Dut explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Survival Factors of Salva Dut explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

Excessive Exercise as an Eating Disorder Symptom

Excessive Exercise as an Eating Disorder Symptom Eating Disorders Symptoms Print Excessive Exercise as an Eating Disorder Symptom When Does Excessive Exercise Become Problematic? By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 05, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 14, 2020 Stanislaw Pytel, Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Link to Eating Disorders Risks Recovery Signs and Symptoms Treatment View All Back To Top Exercise is generally seen as a virtue; therefore, you may wonder how it could possibly be bad for you. For most people, exercise does confer significant health and mental health benefits. However, for those with eating disorders, excessive exercise is a common symptom and can play a role in the development and maintenance of the disorder. Our culture’s celebration of exercise makes it so that excessive exercise is often not recognized or taken as seriously as it should. This article will describe excessive exercise as it has been studied by eating disorder researchers, and then review how excessive exercise manifests itself in various eating disorders, the risks of overexercising, and what to do if you think you (or a loved one) are engaging in too much exercise. Overview Whereas most people would understand self-induced vomiting to be a negative eating disorder behavior, they would generally not think the same of exercise. Those who exercise excessively are often praised for their motivation and self-discipline. But taken to an extreme, this behavior can have serious consequences. In one of the largest studies on excessive exercise in eating disorders, excessive exercise was defined as any of the following:Exercise that interfered with important activitiesExercise that exceeded three hours per day and caused distress if the individual were unable to exerciseFrequent exercise at inappropriate times and places and little or no attempt to suppress the behaviorExercising despite more serious injury, illness or medical complication Link to Eating Disorders Excessive or driven exercise is a common component of different types of eating disorders. It may be found among patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and muscle dysmorphia, as well as other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED) and subclinical presentations. In the case of restrictive eating disorders, including anorexia, there is even some evidence that increased exercise may be a fundamental biological reaction.   Activity-Based Anorexia in Rats.  Animal studies have demonstrated that eating disorders can give rise to excessive exercise behavior, by inducing what is called “Activity-Based Anorexia” in rats. When researchers restrict rats’ food intake while giving them unlimited access to a wheel, the rats start running excessively. Paradoxically, these rats opt to continue running rather than eat during the short intervals of time food is made available to them. If allowed, they will literally run themselves to death. These rats display the puzzling behavior of self-starvation exhibited in anorexia nervosa. One would expect that rats (and humans) who are starving would become less, rather than more, active. Yet in young children who develop anorexia nervosa, restricted intake is usually accompanied by increased activity. Youngsters with anorexia often present as hyperactiveâ€"they won’t sit still, they fidget, and they often run around aimlessly. They do not express a conscious attempt to burn calories the way older adolescents and adults do. Thus, excessive activity or exercise is postulated to be a more basic drive that gets turned on by the energy imbalance of restricted intake. Exercise in Anorexia Nervosa.  Hyperactivity is a common, intriguing, and well-documented symptom of anorexia nervosa, noted as early as 1873 by the French physician Ernest-Charles Lasègue, one of the earliest writers about the disorder. Lasègue observed that patients with anorexia exhibited high levels of activity seemingly incompatible with their impoverished nutrition: Another ascertained fact is, that so far from muscular power being diminished, this abstinence tends to increase the aptitude for movement. The patient feels more light and active, rides on horseback [the French text also mentions: ‘long walking-tours], receives and pays visits, and is able to pursue a fatiguing life in the world without perceiving the lassitudes he would at other times have complained of. (Lasègue, 1873, p.266) In one study, 37 percent to 54 percent of patients with anorexia nervosa (depending on subtype) engaged in excessive exercise. Patients may underreport the amount of time that they engage in physical activity, making it hard for caregivers and treatment professionals to fully assess.   Exercise in anorexia nervosa is commonly described by patients as driven or compulsive. Physical signs of fatigue are ignored as patients continue to train despite being physically ill and low energy. One patient in a study about exercise reported: Before I attended treatment, I only sat down during meal times, or else I felt I did not deserve to sit still. I was incredibly restless, so it was difficult to relax…I feel like I am being compelled to exercise… Excessive exercise in anorexia nervosa is associated with younger age and higher rates of anxious/obsessional and perfectionistic traits. Exercise in Bulimia Nervosa.  Excessive exercise has been included in the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa since the publication of DSM-III-R in 1987. The current diagnostic criteria (DSM-5) for bulimia nervosa specify that there is compensatory behavior for binge eating which can include self-induced vomiting, but also intermittent fasting, laxative use, diuretics, and exercise. Exercise as a Compensatory Behavior in Eating Disorders Excessive exercise is a common compensatory behavior in individuals with bulimia nervosa. In one study, 20 percent to 24 percent of patients with bulimia nervosa engaged in excessive exercise. Among patients with bulimia nervosa, excessive exercise is associated with greater baseline eating disorder severity as well as poorer treatment outcome. Exercise in Muscle Dysmorphia.  Excessive exercise is a common symptom of muscle dysmorphia, an emerging condition that affects primarily bodybuilders. Some researchers believe it to be a variation of anorexia nervosa characteristics of patients with a more traditional masculine gender identity. Currently, this disorder is classified diagnostically as a type of body dysmorphic disorder versus an eating disorder. Muscle dysmorphia is characterized by the persistent belief that one is not muscular enough and associated behaviors related to increasing musculature including an extreme exercise program and dietary intake designed to build bulk (often with a focus on protein). Supplements and steroids are sometimes used in the pursuit of muscle. Among men with muscle dysmorphia, approximately 71 percent lift weights excessively and 64 percent exercise excessively.   Muscle Dysmorphia Excessive Exercise in OSFED and Subclinical Disordered Eating. There is little research on excessive exercise in OSFED. In subclinical samples, the relationship between compulsive exercise and elevated scores on measures of eating psychopathology is well established. Behaviors such as dieting and exercise often coexist and reinforce one another. It is also the case that excessive exercise in the absence of disordered eating or disordered eating attitudes is believed to be less clinically significant and less impairing. Risks Exercise in patients with eating disorders and disordered eating can be dangerous. Patients may exercise and not fuel properly, putting themselves at risk for a variety of serious medical complications.  These complications can include electrolyte imbalances, heart problems, muscle wasting, injuries, and sudden death. Patients with anorexia often have weak bones and so may generally be more likely to experience fractures; the physical strain associated with over-exercising exacerbates this risk. The presence of excessive exercise among patients with anorexia nervosa is associated with longer inpatient treatment duration and a shorter time to relapse. Excessive exercise among individuals with disordered eating is also associated with a greater risk of suicidality.   Recovery Excessive exercise immediately following hospital discharge is a significant predictor of relapse. Exercise can both maintain the beliefs that keep one caught in an eating disorder and be physically counterproductive when weight gain is a goal of treatment. For this and other reasons, it is common for treatment professionals to recommend cessation of exercise in individuals with eating disorders until they are stable in recovery. The idea of allowing an individual in recovery continued participation in a sport as motivation to recover is enticing, but often backfires for the reasons cited above. Signs and Symptoms Excessive exercise may be difficult to distinguish, especially among athletes. The key feature that determines whether the exercise is problematic lies less in the quantity of activity than it does in the motivations and attitudes behind it: feeling exercise as a compulsion; exercising primarily to influence shape and weight; and feelings of guilt after missing an exercise session. An elite athlete may engage in more total time exercising than a person with an eating disorder, but we could define the eating disorder person’s exercise as excessive while the elite athlete might not have the attitudes about exercise that would qualify it as excessive or problematic. It should also be noted that the prevalence of eating disorders is higher among athletes, especially those in sports that emphasize leanness than it is in the general population. Thus, athletes who are exhibiting signs of an eating disorder should be assessed. If you (or a loved one) endorse one or more of the following items, consider whether you may benefit from seeking help:My exercise interferes with important activities such as work or socializing.I exceed three hours of exercise per day.I experience stress or guilt when I am unable to exercise.I exercise at inappropriate times and places and cannot suppress the behavior.I continue to exercise despite an injury, illness, or medical complications. Recovery advocate Jenni Schaefer has made the Compulsive Exercise Test, a measure used to assess excessive exercise, available on her website. Treatment If you or someone you know is exhibiting signs of excessive exercise and/or an eating disorder, eating disorder treatment, including psychotherapy, can help address both the eating disorder and exercise obsession. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, which helps to modify behaviors as well as underlying beliefs about exercise, can help individuals to develop moderation and balance. If you are a parent of a child in treatment, it may be beneficial for you to help limit or restrict their exercise. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders

Stress, Locus of Control and Behavior Change - 825 Words

Stress, Locus of Control and Behavior Change (Essay Sample) Content: Stress, locus of control and behavior changeName:School:Date:Q1Stress is caused by a number of factors such as financial instability, forgetfulness and body resistance to drink water as recommended (Harper, 2011 p 31).Due to financial instability, it becomes so difficult to buy a new bottle of water when one forgets to carry it from home. It adds another expense that could be easily avoided resulting to much strain and stress.Sometimes, body resist taking more water as required. Sometimes is too cold and one does not feel thirsty so reduce the intake of water. As a result the body becomes dehydrated leading to much stress to hydrate it.Water taste also hinders water intake resulting to dehydration in the body. Consequently, the body gets dehydrated and a lot of money is used to hydrate it thus leading to much strain to stressQ2.Stress interferes with the healthy behavior of the human being. It slows the proper function of the body capacity and the speed at which one t hink. As a result, one end up making unrealistic goals that cannot even be achieved in real world. The goal set becomes unspecific, not measurable and does not give a time bound of when should be achieved. Also stress drives one to do crazy things that cause more harm than good in human health. For example, one indulges into excessive intake of drugs thinking it will wipe out stress but unfortunately it does not (Harper, 2011 p 23).Q3. Planning, suppressing competing activities, seeking emotional support and religion help one to cope up with stress.Planning entails blue printing of all activities that will take place in each particular day. That way, an individual manage to set adequate time for everything inclusive of meals and relaxation time. Therefore, stress gets reduced since things go as planned and nothing left undone that could likely trigger stressSuppressing competing activities enables one to have time to drink water and do other things that are healthy in human life fr ee from stress(Harper, 2011 p 34).Seeking emotional and social supports from friends relieves one from stress. Friends piece off the problem into small portions making it simple. Alternative ways of solving the problem are arrived to thus helping one to get lead of what could likely cause emotional hazards.Religion also helps to reduce the stress. Prayers bring one peace of mind. This is because God help one see things ahead of him or her are just simple and he is there to relieve that burden.Q4;Internal, chance and powerful others scores are as indicated belowInternal = 31 scoresExternal = 25 scoresPowerful others = 26 scoresThe above scores shows that internal score is very high as compared to other scores. That means, internal control of life is very high and one is able to control every activities and things that happens in life. Therefore, one is able to make smart, measurable, specific and attainable goals inclusive of water intake in a daily basis as recommended.Q5Behavioral, cognitive, decision, informational and retrospectives are the main domains that enhances clear sense of control over smart goalsA SMART goal means a specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time bound goal. It is an achievement that one can set to ensure there is good healthy behavior. That is, ability to take four bottles of water every day as recommended (Harper, 2011 p 40).Behavioral domain controls oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s action. Good conduct enables one to take each activity responsively. It makes one to take water before and after every meal as required in order to maintain healthy body.Cognitive brings a logical sense into one's life. It makes one think creatively on what to do to overcom...

Influence of Culture on Parenting Practices and Child...

Influence of Culture on Parenting Practices and Child Development Gloria Moore MFCC 537 October 17, 2015 Professor Timothy Docheff Influence of Culture on Parenting Practices and Child Development Parenting practices and child development have a strong correlation. â€Å"Parents often like to think that children are immune to the stressful complexities and troubles of the rapidly changing adult world† (Henderson, 2011). Many adults underestimate the perception of children to the world and, therefore, believing concerns of the child do not matter. There are numerous factors involved in the developing child such as family constellation, home environment, peer pressures, and societal stresses. â€Å"The family, school, community, and many†¦show more content†¦Hispanic-American families value respect, pride, loyalty, gender roles, and commitment to the family. Biracial and multiracial families experience differences involving mixed values, beliefs, and traditions that can be confusing to the children. Additional concerns and issues of these children include autonomy, social marginality, and racial-ethnic identity can create isolation behaviors. Secure Attachment and Problematic Family Relationships â€Å"The attachments of both child and parents affect childrens physical, psychological, behavioral, and developmental wellbeing† (Rees, 2007). The emotional closeness that bonds the children to the family is influenced by the parents. In families where secure attachment patterns do not exist can create a dysfunctional environment for the children. â€Å"Attachment allows children the ‘secure base necessary to explore, learn and relate, and the well-being, motivation, and opportunity to do so† (Rees, 2007). A family with a trusting relationship that demonstrates consistency in nurturing leads to positive developmental outcomes for the childs behavior. â€Å"While neuronal plasticity, developing cognition, and experience modulate stress responses, they do so around a baseline influenced by the first relationship an infant experiences† (Rees, 2007). Factors Contributing To Attachment Concerns Substance abusing parent, marital conflicts, emotional neglect, and poor stress regulation are factors contributing to attachmentShow MoreRelatedChild and Adolescent Psycology1049 Words   |  5 PagesChild and adolescent psychology Name Institutional affiliation Children who, for many reasons are at a risk of losing their parents, or are living without their parents are exposed to discrimination and poverty. This makes them vulnerable to neglect, abuse and exploitation. 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A Discussion of Emphysema and COPD - 1266 Words

Breathing in and out is an innate behavior that we are born with; also, it is a behavior that people take for granted. Let’s say, people who smoke think a cough, or a cough with phlegm is a sign that they are about to get a cold, but then again it can be a sign of a potential health problem like emphysema, asthma, or tuberculosis. People smoke for different reasons; nevertheless, it is an addiction that they can recover from. It may take them several tries to quit smoking, but they can quit. People don’t think about the harm that they are putting on their lungs and alveoli when they put a cigarette to their mouth. For example, many long time smokers are diagnose with emphysema every minute. Emphysema is an example of a chronic obstructive†¦show more content†¦However, Haas and Haas stated that â€Å"older men, low income people, blue-collar workers, and social pressured people are diagnosis with emphysema (1990, p. 7).† People who have smoked for twenty years or more, and young adults are at greater risk of developing emphysema because of the number of years that they have smoke. Also, young adults who started smoking as a teenager are at risk of getting emphysema because they started when their lungs have not reach total function. Clinical Signs A person who has a cough, has cough up mucus, or has a hard time breathing would seek professional help from a doctor. The doctor would ask the patient question about him or her health. After the questions, the doctor would listen to the patient chest with his or her stethoscope to hear how the air passes in and out of the lungs. If the doctor hear a rattle sound coming from the smaller airways, he would assume that the patient is suffering from some kind of COPD. He would observe how the patient is sitting in a chair, look for bluish lips and fingernail beds, which would mean that the patient suffer from cyanosis. Cyanosis happen when a person does not have enough oxygen in his or her blood. Also the doctor would look for swollen ankles, engorged jugular vein, which is the largeShow MoreRelatedCritically Based Teaching Assignment - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesEvidenced Based Teaching Assignment – Chronic Obstructive Pul monary Disease Assessment To assess how much the group already knew about Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD, we started by opening a discussion about the disease. This way we found out the most of the audience had very little prior knowledge of the condition, but they were eager to learn more. The group had a positive attitude and seemed to value health and learning more about how their community could improve the healthRead MoreNursing Process Paper2695 Words   |  11 Pagescomplex relationship between disease pathophysiology and how it has progressed to the patient’s current state of health. It will include a comprehensive discussion of chronic and acute problems leading to the patient’s hospital admission, a complete description of interrelationships and pathophysiology for all medical diagnoses, a comprehensive discussion of the client’s signs and symptoms and results of all diagnostic studies to the underlying pathophysiology, and a comprehensive listing of all m edicationsRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Essay examples1372 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing recently, the number of patients with COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is also gradually increasing. It is one of the most common chronic diseases and is considered to be one of the five leading diseases following heart disease, pneumonia, HIV and AIDS worldwide (GOLD, 2004). Smoking is the main cause of COPD. However, long term exposure to chemical fumes and air pollution could also cause COPD. This essay is all about how COPD affects individual, family and society as a wholeRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd; Emphysema) Patho6945 Words   |  28 PagesChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD; Emphysema) Pathophysiology Abakyereba Kwansemah June 4, 2014 Abstract D.Z.is a 65-year-old man admitted to medical ward with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; emphysema). Past medical history (PMH) indicates hypertension (HTN), well managed with enalapril (Vasotec) past six years, diagnosis (Dx) of pneumonia yearly for the past three years. D.Z. appears cachectic with difficulty breathingRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1098 Words   |  5 Pagesdisease (COPD), bronchitis and community acquired pneumonia (CAP) (Papadakis, McPhee, Rabow, 2015). COPD Symptoms of COPD often begin in middle age and is commonly caused by years of smoking. COPD is progressive, irreversible and made up of chronic bronchitis and emphysema (Goolsby Grubbs, 2011). Symptoms include; chronic productive cough for three consecutive months each year for 2 sequential years with intermittent acute exacerbations during which the symptoms worsen on exertion. COPD is predominantlyRead MoreThe Permanent Enlargement Of The Alveoli Essay2136 Words   |  9 PagesEMPHYSEMA Defined as the permanent enlargement of the alveoli. Typically, the alveoli are tiny, grape-like clusters that allow for greater surface area for gas exchange. In emphysema, the grape-like clusters are destroyed, leaving behind one large â€Å"bleb† alveoli that is difficult to ventilate without increased air-trapping. Once the inhaled air becomes trapped in the bleb, additional oxygen-rich air is unable to enter the bleb. CHRONIC BRONCHITIS Defined as a productive cough that last forRead MoreEssay on Copd: Teaching Plan1915 Words   |  8 PagesPulmonary Disease (COPD): Teaching Plan By: Michele Combs, RN NSG 405 February 7, 2011 Teaching Plan for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the 4th leading cause of death in the United States and is a major cause of morbidity (CDC, 2011). COPD is a group of diseases which cause airflow blockage and breathing related problems such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and some forms of asthma (CDC, 2011). COPD kills more than 120Read MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease And Patient Teaching1788 Words   |  8 PagesJuly 27, 2014 Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is in the top five principal cause of death in the U.S. The disease is an abnormal inflammatory reaction in the lungs with limited airflow. COPD characteristically arises around the age 35. Smoking continues to be the main source of COPD, but is not the only known root cause. In many studies, smoking explanations for at least three fourths of COPD cases (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | University of MarylandRead MoreThesis : Teach Back Methodology Is A Motivatational And Interactive Way For Healthcare1597 Words   |  7 Pagestransitions between healthcare settings. (Merckconnect.com, 2014) When it comes to healthcare related discussions, there are many acronyms that are used. Some of the acronyms used throughout this paper will include COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), MDI (metered dose inhaler), DPI (dry powder inhaler) and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS). Low health literacy is another discussion within this paper. Hospitals are held to high standards of practice by providing safe, consistent qualityRead MoreThe Case Presentation Of Rowena1998 Words   |  8 Pagesbe linked to her past medical diagnosis; hypertension, DM, mild emphysema, as well as her current diagnosis of Respiratory failure (Fabbri et al., 2008). Heavy smoking and obesity are major risk factors for cardiovascular, insulin resistance, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) which includes emphysema (Fabbri et al., 2008). In Rowena’s case study, one can trace her past medical history; hypertension, DM, mild emphysema, and her new diagnosis; respiratory failure to her smoking lifestyle

Health - 5831 Words

A framework to measure the impact of investments in health research OECD Blue Sky II Forum, September 25, 2006 Alan Bernstein, Vern Hicks, Peggy Borbey, Terry Campbell Abstract This paper describes the approach taken by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) to develop a framework and indicators to measure the impact of health research. The development process included national and international consultations. Key methodology challenges and measurement requirements were identified. The framework that has resulted from this process includes definitions of key concepts, methodology guidelines, identification of the different stakeholders for impact information and the individual concerns of each stakeholder group. Indicators are†¦show more content†¦The framework and draft indicators were published on the CIHR website in January 2006. 1 Since that time CIHR has been experimenting with populating some of the indicators. This has led to some refinements and updates, which are included in this paper. This paper provides a brief description of the conceptual framework and then discusses specific indicators. The discussion centres on the potential use of each indicator, availability of data and approaches that can be used to develop data that are not presently available. Illustrative examples for specific indicators are included, where possible. The next section includes a brief review of methodology challenges in measuring impact. The third section describes the CIHR framework and the last section discusses indicators chosen for the initial years of an ongoing development process. CIHR Operating Model CIHR Institutes Human Development, Child and Youth Health Infection and Immunity Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes Population and Public Health Aboriginal Peoples’ Health Aging Cancer Research Circulatory and Respiratory Health Gender and Health Genetics Health Services and Policy Research Research Themes (Pillars) Biomedical research Clinical research Health services and policy research Population and public health research 2 Core Outcomes Research Show MoreRelatedHealth Of Health And Wellbeing1583 Words   |  7 Pages Health, as defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) (1946), is the â€Å"state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity†. Alternate definitions include â€Å"a dynamic state of well-being characterised by a physical and mental potential, which satisfies the demands of life commensurate with age, culture, and personal responsibility† (Birscher, 2005). Health and wellbeing statistics are vital information as an indicator of the health of theRead MoreHealth Behavior And Health Education Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pages Health Behavior and Health Education Analysis Paper Increasing the Proportion of Adults at a Healthy Weight Kavya Pidaparthi University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Increasing the Proportion of Adults at a Healthy Weight As the world is changing dramatically in terms of the technology that was available a couple of decades ago, so are the health challenges and threats that we are facing. In the 1980s, the major public health problems were related to the wide spread presence of infectiousRead MoreHealth Of Health And Health994 Words   |  4 Pages Today I see health and health education, as a big issue in society but not everyone else seems to have the same thought. Growing up with two parents who worked in the health department has given me a huge desire to live a healthy lifestyle. People need to have more opportunity to be health educated and have the resources to succeed in what they have learned. In society people should be able to be aware of their bodies and what they can do to improve their lifestyle. Social change is something thatRead MorePersonal Health Of Public Health1465 Words   |  6 PagesHealth is the most precious asset in the possession of human beings. From my classroom experience and through interaction with literature texts, I have come to the conclusion that people can be responsible for their health. As a student of public health, it is important to maintain good personal health in order to address the public health problems in the future. To be responsible for my personal health, I have taken the in itiative to implement a personal health behavior changing plan to test whetherRead MoreHealth And Health Of Health3576 Words   |  15 Pagesdescribe what is meant by health and what determinants are thought to affect health. An individual’s health is influenced by a range of determinants. Health promotion plays a big part in an individual’s health and wellbeing, one type of health promotion can be the way in which education can influence an individual. This learning log seeks to address the role that health education and promotion can help patients to take more responsibility for their own health. Aside from health promotion, nurses andRead MoreHealth Of Health And Global Health1460 Words   |  6 Pagesagree that health plays a huge role in society. The definition for health can be broad and covers not only the biology part many refer to. Health covers the physiology and sociology factors as well. There are two different types of health that can be seen interchange ably because they both focus on improving ones health. Public health and Global health are both equally important in society. Public health focuses on a specific population or communities where as global health focus on health across nationalRead MoreHealth Concerns And Its Effects On Health Essay1442 Words   |  6 Pagesdoors and get lost in wall-to-wall shelves of products addressing health concerns so obscure that even the most neurotic hypochondriac would feel at ease. There are probiotics, herbal therapies, bodybuilding supplements, smart pills, beverage infusions, vitamins and minerals, you name it. The products on these shelves represent the fruits of a thirty billion dollar industry that capitalizes on consumers’ desire to aspire beyond good health into the illusive realm of wellness—however that is defined (ReinbergRead MoreThe Health Of Human Health1243 Words   |  5 PagesThe health Health of human is the involvements of those conditions, which is regarded as functional, wellbeing and the absence of illness, in which illness sometimes resulted to be chronic or leading cause death. Much of this health had a position outcome if an individual illness is severe it led to its prevalence of being cured or uncured of this disease may resulted a permanent of harm in humans. Health status Health status of human does involve those that are genius for an individual wellnessRead MorePhysical Health And Its Effects On The Health Of The Environment1448 Words   |  6 Pagesyour ability. There are multiple facets to our daily health. Physical health consists of our ability to perform normal activities of daily living. Social health is the ability to have a broad social network and have satisfying interpersonal A relationships with friends, family members, and partners is a key part of overall wellness.Intellectual health includes the ability to think clearly, reason objectively and analyze critically. Emotional health enables people to express emotions when appropriateRead MoreHealth Of Achieving Health And Wellness2104 Words   |  9 PagesAchieving health and wellness is a highly individualized, dynamic process that is characterized by six interrelated dimensions: physical, social, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and environmental health. The focus of this paper is my physical health as it relates to wellness. Furthermore, the objective of focusing on my physical health is to identify current health behaviors and factors that may be impacting and prohibiting me from achieving optimal physical health. Using the Transtheoretical

Genre Analysis The Movie Scream 1996 - 2217 Words

Genre Analysis By Aleksandar Najdovski Genre is a French word meaning ‘type or ‘kind’ (Genre, 2016). The film industry has been around for at least 100 years. The evolution of entertainment is growing rapidly through the use of media. And as these years go on, films have begun to fit into specific genres, and are important to appeal to the different types of audiences. Films can be described to genre in different types of ways, such as stars, director and narrative to help identify what genre the film is (Neale, 1990, pg. 49). Genre in films has become common because it helps give the audience a different expectation. One specific genre of film is a horror. Horror is a genre that tries to create, panic, dread and fear for the audience.†¦show more content†¦The producers will develop a test and the audience will tell the producers whether it is something they want to see or they are not going to see. This can affect the next text to be produced in an attempt to conform to the audience demands. L ooking at the development of different types of genres and the development of films within the same genre, it’s possible to look at similarities and differences and identify changes in society and audience ideologies and tastes. Horror is designed to scare, cause alarm and dread, while also entertaining the audience at the same time in a cathartic experience (Dirk, 2016). Horror films are meant for a specific type of audience that enjoy scary films. Dirks (Tim, 2016) approach to genre horror, is that films went back as 100 years ago, from the earliest days our vivid imagination in seeing ghosts in the shadows to be connected emotionally of the unknown, and fear things that are improbable. You watch a horror film, it makes you aware of the scary surroundings, the essence of fear itself, without actually being in any sorts of danger. Dirks argues that there is a fun and thrill factor in being frightened, or watching something disturbing. It gives you that feeling of an adrenaline rush, as well as having that feeling someone is actually next to you lurking in the dark (Dirk, 2016). Todorov’s novel ‘The Fantastic’, it lies with the audience’s doubt how they can’tShow MoreRelatedHorror Genre Dissertation6741 Words   |  27 PagesIntroduction PG. 4 Discussion - 4. History of the Horror Genre PG. 5 - 9 - 5. Slasher Films and the Gender roles PG. 9 - 13 - 6. Comedy Horror PG. 13 - 16 - 7. Postmodernism and the Horror Film PG. 16 - 18 - 8. Case Study: Scream Vs. Scary Movie PG. 18 - 22 9. Conclusion PG. 23 Bibliography PG. 25 - 27 1. Abstract Page I have researched on the Horror genre, looking at when it begun, the decline in popularity it has foreseenRead MoreMedia Violence Effects on Society1930 Words   |  8 PagesMedia Violence: Effects on society â€Å"Millions of teens have seen the 1996 movie Scream†¦Scream opens with a scene in which a teenage girl is forced to watch her jock boyfriend tortured and then disemboweled by two fellow students who, it will eventually be learned, want revenge on anyone from high school who crossed them. After jock boys stomach is shown cut open and he dies screaming, the killers stab and torture the girl, then cut her throat and hang her body from a tree so that Mom can discoverRead MoreIntroduction to Film Cinema and Literature12137 Words   |  49 PagesKinetoscope, which was a sort of peep show device (Fig.1.4 1.5). The device became very popular and was adopted by many business men. The Lumiere brothers envisioned great wealth in their ability to increase the number of people who can watch a movie at the same time. To achieve this, they made people sit in a darkened room to watch motion picture projected on a screen. In 1895, they patented a device that both photographed and projected action which was named Cinematography (Fig.1.6). Some commonRead MoreAnalysis of the Music Industry30024 Words   |  121 Pageselectronic item (like a widescreen TV or home computer). What is the maximum amount of money you would feel confident borrowing in order to buy these items at this moment in time? Source: IRN Research/Key Note Want more detail? Order further customised analysis through IRN Research on keynote@irn-research.com. See Further Sources for more on this service. Consumer confidence weakened across the board in the summer months of 2005, as reflected in the decreasing desire to spend money either from savings

Shakespeare vs. Tom Stoppard Free Essays

Vikas Sharma Honors English Final Exam Essay 5-24-10 Stoppard vs. Shakespeare There are many ways love is presented thematically in A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare and Shakespeare in Love by Tom Stoppard. In a Midsummer Night’s Dream, love is off and on going between most of the characters which shows that love was difficult and not too strong between the characters, while in the play Shakespeare in Love, the love between Shakespeare and Viola seems to be pure and full of passion. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare vs. Tom Stoppard or any similar topic only for you Order Now The idea for love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream starts out with Theseus and Hippolyta. Hippolyta, having been the Queen of the Amazons, has been conquered by Theseus and is therefore under obligation to marry him. Shakespeare presents this kind of love as forced love because Theseus has conquered Hippolyta which means that she is dutiful to Theseus. Throughout the story Hippolyta starts to accept Theseus which shows that the nature of their love is mature. The four main characters in A Midsummer Night’s Dream all have difficulty in their love which shows that it is true but also very young. As Lysander states in the novel â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth. † He articulates on of A Midsummer Night’s Dreams most important themes. The theme of love’s difficulty is often explored through the motif of love out of balance—that is, romantic situations in which a disparity or inequality interferes with the harmony of a relationship. One of the reasons that love didn’t go smooth with Lysander is because of Egeus, Hermia’s father. By law he has power over her and what he wants for is daughter is what must happen. And by law, Hermia is expected to be dutiful to her father, by respecting and obeying him. His over-protective parenting style demands Hermia a new man, but Hermia’s and Lysander’s true love and determination brings them together. Despite the obstructions that face the couple, their love succeeds in the end to show true love is strong and with determination it prevails. This kind of love is similar with Shakespeare’s and Viola’s love in the movie Shakespeare in Love because throughout the play, there are many obstacles that prevent them from being together. One of the obstacles of their love is that Viola is forced to marry Lord Wessex because she has to obey her father but she does not truly love him. Her love is only with Shakespeare and with poetry. Their love for each other is very mature, and is full of true love, but sometimes does not run smooth just like Lysander’s relationship with Hermia. Next there was the love of Helena and Demetrius. The opposite of true love would be Helena’s and Demetrius’s relationship. Shakespeare uses magic in the story to bring in bizarre events and hilarious situations. One example of why there is awkward and difficult love between all the characters is because of the love potion. The love potion is made from the juice of a flower that was struck with one of Cupid’s misfired arrows; it is used by the fairies to wreak romantic havoc throughout Acts II, III, and IV. Because the meddling fairies are careless with the love potion, the situation of the young Athenian lovers becomes increasingly chaotic and confusing. Helena’s and Demetrius’s relationship is described in a simple sentence by Helena that states, â€Å"The more I love, the more he hateth me. â€Å". This evidently shows Helena’s love for Demetrius, and yet her love for him is not returned for he is blinded by his love for Hermia. This unrequited love shows the cruel nature of love. This kind of love is also seen in Shakespeare in Love by Viola and Sir Wessex. Wessex wants to marry Viola because of her power and money, but Viola in return does not agree to give Wessex her love and passion for it belongs to Shakespeare. This can also be seen as cruel love because the lover in return only gets misery and a broken heart. Finally, Oberon and Titania’s love can be seen as confusing but full of character. Their love starts out to be strong but as time goes by, Oberon become’s jealous. This can be seen as jealous love. This shows there are troubles present in their relationship, since the two do not appear to be on good terms. Oberon and Titania are arguing over the changeling boy, the son of one of Titania’s late friend. Oberon would like to possess this child, but Titania refuses to let him go. This shows that the nature of love can at times be irritating and troublesome and that the love between Oberon and Titania is most definitely not running smoothly. Throughout the story you can see Oberon’s jealousy increase as the story goes on. Jealously is a powerful emotion, and when mixed with love, it has devastating effects. Oberon’s jealousy grows, as Titania’s love for the changeling boy does, and as a result, the relationship between the two worsens as they grow apart from anger. Sir Wessex also starts to become jealous of William Shakespeare because his love with Viola is very passionate and true. Wessex knows that his desire to marry Viola for her money cannot become reality unless he does something to hurt Shakespeare’s and Viola’s relationship. In the end though, true love defines all odds and Shakespeare is meant to be with Viola. All in all there are many ways love is presented thematically between the characters in A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare and Shakespeare in Love by Tom Stoppard. Both authors present love thematically in different and similar ways using many methods. They both like to create bizarre scenes and like to complicate their characters loves. They both have similar but also different ideas to attract their fans and to complicate the scenes in their stories. How to cite Shakespeare vs. Tom Stoppard, Essay examples

Controversial Issues Of Traditional Arts Essay Example For Students

Controversial Issues Of Traditional Arts Essay There has been cases of tourists jumping into the sea for no reason after they performed Like Mayans along the north-eastern beaches of Peninsular Malaysia. Some cases happen on land too. Going missing and receiving visits were the greatest fear whenever one performs Leek Mayans. Disagree: According to status, Cycle Mayans is not a ghost or jinn. Its a popular song in Triggering and is a type of alga rackety. The leek Mayans song used nowadays has been shortened as Malay count the full song as worshipping spirits which is skirt in Islam. The Malaysian rock diva, Ella once sung the song in a rock version Pico Pico dance choreographed with sequence of steps. it is a type of aerobic dance believed to originated in Indonesia more than 20 years ago Menstruate Astuteness Fatwa Niger Opera banned Pico- Pico because they believe it is derived from Christianity. The dance originated from Jamaica and is actually a cult dance There are many Christian rituals to it as the moves reflect the making of a cross and so is unacceptable in Islam The Malaysian Muslims are confused. There is no any literature or practical evidence showing that Pico-Pico is derived from Christianity either in Indonesia, Philippine or Jamaica. Pico Pico movements with cross design can not be a sufficient justification because movement Of left and right sides is a natural human movement. Even When human stretch his hands, it can be considered illegal if the method resembles the cross. Masseurs curse: Myth or Legend? Summary: One day while Masseurs husband was away fighting a war, Mashers offered shelter to a wandering minstrel, For that, Mashers was accused of omitting adultery by the village chieftains wife. The village chieftain who was still smarting over Masseurs rejection of his earlier marriage proposal, ordered Mashers to be condemned to death. It was said that at her execution Mashers bled white blood signifying her innocence. At her last breath, Mashers was said to utter a curse on Language for which the island will remain barren for seven generations Many locals of Language believe the legend to be true due to failed crops after Masseurs death. According to recorded history, the Siamese invaded Language not long after Masseurs death and razed the island to the ground with a scorched earth policy. And coincidentally, Language did not become a major tourist hotshot until the birth of Wan Aisha bat Wan Anyway, the seventh generation descendant Of Mashers. Some people think Masseurs story most likely is real and the killing of Mashers most likely took place, but the curse of Language and her white blood must be a part of myth because there is no prove or evidence.

Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy free essay sample

Energy can be explained as having the ability to do work. There are many forms of energy potential, electrical, chemical and magnetic just to name a few. Energy is used for everything an individual must do from preparing a meal to launching a rocket. There are two general categories of energy: potential energy and kinetic energy. Potential energy is energy that has been saved waiting to be discharged including chemical, electrical and magnetic. Kinetic energy is energy that is related to moving items. These energy categories can be classified as renewable or nonrenewable (Trefil amp; Hazen, 2010). Energy is used in every aspect of daily life. From the moment a person opens their eyes, energy is being used. Energy is used to get work done. The lights to illuminate the house, a stove for cooking, dishwasher to clean dishes, clothes washer for laundry and various electronics are powered by electricity. Electricity is supplied to customers by power that is created at plants then transferred to high voltage power lines known as the â€Å"grid† (EIA, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The tankless water heater used for all water heating needs, the furnace to heat a home in the winter and cool in the summer, and clothes dryer all receive energy from natural gas. Customers receive service for natural gas to their homes from lines that run from a main (AGA, 2013). Petroleum, a fossil fuel, powers the vehicle used to drive to work. Petroleum is derived from oil and gas exhumed from rocks deep within the earth. Once processed, the petroleum can be sold to customers to run their vehicles (Petroleum – Oil and Natural  Gas, 2013). Solar panels help supplement power to the travel trailer used for family fun and propane is used for BBQ cooking. Solar panels use the power of the sun to convert the light into energy. Propane is removed from crude oil during the refining process and made available to customers through portable cylinders (DeFilippo, 2011). During the summer months San Diegans have learned to make necessary adjustments to their energy usage because the â€Å"grid† can become overloaded. This has caused temporary rolling black outs in many cities through out the county. This household is using natural gas and fossil fuels, which are nonrenewable sources of energy. Nonrewable sources are expensive long term and cannot be replenished after they have been used. Electricity, which is a secondary source, is neither nonrenewable nor renewable. Renewable energy is sources that are continuously being replaced (Trefil amp; Hazen, 2010). The only source of renewable energy this household is using is solar. Renewable energy sources assist in the preservation of natural resources individuals presently consume. There are several types of renewable energy sources for example solar, hydropower and wind power. Solar power involves transferring the suns rays into solar cells, and then sunlight is converted into electricity. Solar energy is can be used for preparing food, heating and has been used for desalination of saltwater. Hydroelectric power originates from the potential energy of restricted water driving a water turbine and generator. This is similar to the water wheels that would drive mills. Wind energy is the use of the wind to generate power to move blades on a turbine. The turning of the blades is changed into electrical flow by a generator. Wind towers constructed on farms can capture the electrical flow and distribute the current to grids providing electricity on a national level, isolated locations or individual homes (Orloff, 2013). Renewable energy sources are good for the environment, economy and overall health however they may not always be available or appropriate for consumers. Solar and wind energy are not appropriate at this specific location. The roof on the house is not oriented for south facing solar panels and the lot size is not sufficient to build a wind tower. Our family’s dream is to buy a property large enough to support the renewable energies of solar panels and a wind turbine. Electricity and natural gas are the only viable options due to lot location and consumer cost. At this time it would seem the nonrenewable energy is our best choice. There are several advantages and disadvantages for each type of energy previously discussed. One advantage of solar power is the Sun. As long as it survives, Earth will benefit from it. Solar power production discharges no water or air pollution. Solar energy can be used cost-effectively for heating and lighting. Another benefit of solar power is to heat pools and spas. The disadvantages of solar power it does not produce energy if the sun is not shining during the day or at nighttime and there is limited power on cloudy days. Solar power stations are pricey to construct. Some of the advantages for hydroelectric power are power stations can quickly raise to filled capacity. Electricity can be produced continuously. Hydroelectric power creates no pollution and water used can be recycled. The disadvantages to hydroelectric power are Dams can be very high-priced to construct. It is a necessity for an adequate, and powerful source of water to generate energy in the area. An advantage to wind energy it will make no pollution. Wind generation is a renewable source of energy, and it will never run out. Wind farms can be manufactured offshore. A disadvantage to wind power wind is sporadic. Reliable wind is necessary for uninterrupted power production. If wind speed declines, the turbine idles and less electricity is produced. Wind farms can have an undesirable effect on the landscape (Orloff, 2013). Several advantages to natural gas are it is the cleanest burning fossil fuel, generally accessible, and made detectable by adding synthetic scent. Some disadvantages to natural gas are emissions despite burning cleanly, high transportation costs, and lack of alternatives due to shortage of infrastructure. Advantages of petroleum are, they are cost-effective, easy to transport and the basis for many prescription drugs. Disadvantages of petroleum are environmental issues from drilling, extreme emission levels and availability is limited due to location (Energy Source Comparison, 2013). Finally, advantages for electricity are non-toxic as a vehicle power source, powers many appliances and electronics and they are cheap to produce. Disadvantages of electricity, are pollution, electric shock, it is often created from crude oil, which is nonrenewable (Brachmann, 2013). Alternative sources of energy in most cases are still too expensive for the average consumer. In an effort to reduce toxins and conserve energy, our household does a small part by turning off lights when leaving a room, installed solar lighting, use of a thermostat to recommended gas and electric settings and combine errands to save fuel. Additional ways energy could be conserved are the future purchase of an alternative fuel vehicle, replacement of the home insulation, and installation of solar paneling when pricing is more consumer friendly. Energy is the ability to work. There are two categories of energy, renewable and nonrenewable. Renewable energy can be replaced and used again.  Once a nonrenewable source of energy has been depleted it is gone forever. Individuals must conserve and find alternative sources of energy in order to have the energy they will need for the future.

Essay Samples For Radiation Therapy Program

Essay Samples For Radiation Therapy ProgramEssay samples for radiation therapy programs are extremely essential in order to help students learn the topic and write a better essay. The main task is to use the right combinations of sentence structures and wordings, effectively explaining the topic in a well-written and informative manner. A good essay sample will help you in making your essay comprehensive and interesting, which is definitely an important requirement of such programs.This is true that the topic of the essay is of great importance and it is very much important to have essay samples for radiation therapy program. For this reason, the student has to be more creative in preparing a highly effective essay and the essay should be easy to comprehend. The student has to provide a convincing and proper argumentation in order to help students understand the topic thoroughly. Reading and analyzing the materials is not enough as the main thing that has to be done is to produce an original and concise written report.The idea behind the essay sample for radiation therapy program is to help students with their writing style and to teach them how to develop a good style of writing in order to present a well-researched opinion or point of view in writing. It is a must to provide every single detail about the matter to the reader.Writing a report is all about presenting a simple term and events and without giving everything it is not possible to convey it to the reader. Students should avoid making the topics into one large paragraph and should avoid using double or triple spaces. This is very important because it helps the reader to comprehend the matter very easily. In order to avoid confusion and confusing the reader the students should make use of short paragraphs and keep the content brief.An essay sample for radiation therapy program is not just an idea that can be suggested by the instructor or the university. It is the main aim of the essay sample to help the students improve their writing skills so that they can be able to write in a more professional way. This article provides some tips on what the writer should do to create a perfect essay for the topic.The essay samples should be organized in such a way that the student can easily digest it. It should also be noted that a good example is not enough; it should be used as a reference but should be not used as a template.It is not a popular choice to give any particular guidelines on the topic of the essay but this will surely help the students in writing a well-structured and complete essay. A good example will be a reference is very important but the main idea should be conveyed well through the discussion and it should not be used as a template.

The Role of Critical Thinking in Business Essay Example

The Role of Critical Thinking in Business Essay Management could have used critical thinking and adjust the personnel to fill in the position for the missing personnel to cover down on the events. Management ignored the requirement for the events and told his counterpart that they will have to cover down on the event, even though he fell short in analyzing the up-coming situation that required at least four personnel. Although his actions showed that, he did not care and blamed someone else for the shortness of personnel. If management had used reasoning and critical thinking, he could have covered down on the tuition to avoid the situation noticed of his ability to manage personnel. The use of critical thinking and analyzing the situation will give the individual better results to the outcome of any problem that arise. Definition Free will is the power to make choices freely without any constraints or compulsions. Free will is a voluntary decision and an independent choice. It is the capacity to respond in ways that oppose even the strongest influences (Ruggeri, 2012). People possess free will. This is the reason why peoples decisions are unpredictable. Free will helps a person form thoughts. No matter the pressure or force placed on a person, the person will act on his or her own free will when making decisions. Truth is the reality of the matter, as distinguished from what people wish so, believes to be son, or assert to be so (Ruggeri, 2012). Truth is a fact. It does not change, only our knowledge change. Forming thoughts based on truth discards any doubt and places the evidence on the subject. Knowledge is what understood and known to be true. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Critical Thinking in Business specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Critical Thinking in Business specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Critical Thinking in Business specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thoughts formed through knowledge obtained through experience, observation, and report from others. Opinions are %intensely personal (Ruggeri, 2012). It is a personal way to express ones judgment Thoughts formed through opinions are mostly personal perceptions of how they interpret or believe the idea is (Ruggeri, 2012). Hindrances The three hindrances to the critical think process are the mine-is-better hub resistance to change, and conformity. Mine-is-better habit is the habit that hinders thinking through preferring own ideas for no other reasons that the are yours. The concept of handling situations that arise will highlight this tag f mind set. This concept or idea slows down the thought process of the group from excelling. Management normally takes the easy way out, but waits for the situation to fail before he places the right person or adjust his mind set for the best results. Resistance Resistance to change is the tendency to reject new ideas and new way: of seeing or doing without examining them fairly. The normal reason why w reject change in my line of work is the older ways worked and produced go results. A good example is using computers to record and track information UT we try not to understand the process of how Microsoft applications Word to generate faster results. The denial of change slows down growth and progress of technology adapting to society advancements. The best way to overcome resistance is sit back and analyze the situation by using the decision-making process to achieve the best outcome. Conformity Conformity is thinking the way others from the group believe to avoid being different. This process destroys an individuals idea for a person trying to grow. You normally will see situation like this when it involves a superior ND the fear of looking mentally challenged around your leaders and peers. The best counter-act this situation is present facts or evidence that support: your comments. Advertising Messages Red bull drink advertisements, both on radio and in television, involve selling more than just the drink, but wings that enable a person to fly. It taps into TFH human psyche and tries to sell the drink linking it to a higher power, masculinity and energy. Red bull advertisement usually tries to appeal to HTH other senses.

Bio-metric technologies are capable of providing the secured way of identification and personal activities to overcome the security issues in the process of Internet banking in banks The WritePass Journal

Bio-metric technologies are capable of providing the secured way of identification and personal activities to overcome the security issues in the process of Internet banking in banks INTRODUCTION: Bio-metric technologies are capable of providing the secured way of identification and personal activities to overcome the security issues in the process of Internet banking in banks INTRODUCTION:GROWTH OF INTERNET BANKING:Rise of Security Attacks in Internet Banking:Various types of possible Security Attacks: Phishing: Malware, Botnets and DDoS Attacks:Viruses:Spyware and Adware:Insider Attacks:Existing counter measures and why they are not effective? :Anti-Phishing Counter measure:Malware, Botnets and DDoS Counter Measures:Viruses, Spyware and Adware Counter Measures:Summary: References:Related INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this literature is to identify whether Bio-metric technologies are capable of providing the secured way of identification and personal activities to overcome the security issues in the process of Internet banking in banks. This literature also discusses about the possible security threats which most affect the online banking and the progress of counter measures taken to overcome the security issues. The main aim of this research is to analyse the capability of Bio-metric technologies and also about the benefits of using Bio-metric technologies for the security purpose in Internet banking. GROWTH OF INTERNET BANKING: According to Aravind Duraiswamy (2009), traditional way of banking requires their customers to visit the banks every time even to perform their basic banking needs like checking their bank account balance. As the usage of Internet becomes popular banks came up with the concept of Internet banking where customers could perform most of the transactions from their homes or anywhere for that matter. The Internet banking application has features that help to meet most of the banking needs of a bank account holder over the internet. A recent paper (Hisamatsu et al, 2010) mentioned that the concept of online banking started in the 1980s and it first became available for client use in 1995. Since then, the number of banks offering online banking services as well as demand for the service has increased. In the UK alone, the number of people using online banking has increased by 174% in just 5 years from 2001 to 2006. In the US, 53 million people, or one out of every 4 adults, used online banking in 2005. According to Lee (2008, p.130-141) However, despite the fact that  online banking provides many advantages, such as faster transaction speed and lower handling fees, there are still a large group of customers who refuse to adopt such services due to uncertainty and security concerns. Binshan et al. (2010) indicates that trust is the â€Å"heart of the system† for online banking. Thus, we can say that internet banking is susceptible to greater sense of insecurity than older banking services and thereby importance of trust is also relatively higher in adoption of internet banking. A review by Michal et al. (2009) mentions that, a high level of perceived risk is considered to be a barrier to propagation of new innovations. Influenced by the imagination-capturing stories of hackers, customers may fear that an unauthorized party will gain access to their online account and serious financial implications will follow. Rise of Security Attacks in Internet Banking: A paper (Zakaria et al, 2009) reported that information security means the protection of information and information systems from illegal and unauthorized access, use, destruction or modification of data or information. However at the same time, information security issues are considered as the major factors affecting the growth of online banking as the fraudulent activities are prominently increasing. Also it has been reported that one-third of account holders who had signed up for e-banking had stopped using it due to unsatisfactory security service or the complexity of using the service. A review by Laerte et al. (2011) indicates that the number of malware and exploits focused on online banking systems vulnerabilities has been steadily growing during past years. Recent reports indicate that banking Trojans were among the 50 main security threats in 2009. While Brazil figures as the source and destination of most of those attacks performed in Latin America. Rachwald (2008, p.11-12)argues that in the physical world attackers are limited by their ability to manipulate physical items like making an extra copy of your account number. In the online world attackers are essentially unlimited in the resources they can bring to bear. A review by Francisco et al. (2010) mentions that, Banking is considered a highly dynamic business, even more so when price reductions or better conditions are offered to customers contracting services over the internet. However some groups of customers are reluctant to use such services. Regarding electronic commerce in general, consumers show more concern about the use of banking services when the amount of money potentially exposed to fraud is significantly larger, than with other types of services or organizations. Various types of possible Security Attacks: Most internet banking fraud occurs in a two-step process. First, the offender must get their hands on the customers account information, like their username and password. Second, the offender will use that information to move his victims money to another account or withdraw it to make fraudulent purchases, which can be found online (Internet Banking Fraud: Why is Online Banking so Popular, 2009). These fraud schemes include, Phishing: Hossain et al. (2011) argues that, Phishing is a web-based attack that allures end users to visit fraudulent websites and give away personal information (e.g., user id, password). The stolen information is the beginning point of many illegitimate activities such as online money laundering. Phishing attacks cost billions of dollars in losses to business organizations and end users. A recent paper (Pravin et al, 2011) argues that, although phishing is a simple social engineering attack, it has proven to be surprisingly effective. Hence, the number of phishing scams is continuing to grow, and the cost of the resulting damages is increasing. One of the main reasons why phishing attacks are possible is because mails can be spoofed easily. Butler (2007, p.517-533) found that a White Paper on Phishing explains that use of the term â€Å"phishing† originates in the term â€Å"password harvesting fishing†. Phishing attacks are popular, as they are relatively inexpensive to launch, while the potential returns for the phisher could be significant. Phishers succeed in their attacks as consumers are not adequately informed about the risks of disclosing their personal details. A review by Gerald et al. (2008) indicates that the term ‘phishing’ has its origins from the analogy that identity thieves are using lures usually in the form of e-mails to ‘fish’ for passwords and financial data from the ‘sea’ of Internet users. As users are getting more aware of the modus operandi of phishing attacks over the Internet, identity thieves are taking measures to deceive the public and to continue harvesting stolen identities online. A variant of phishing that is yielding potent results to these perpetrators is spear-phishing which is more targeted and specific if compared to its predecessor. A review by Petr et al. (2010) mentions that in the Phishing kind of attack, the attacker tries to obtain victims private information like credit card number, passwords or account numbers. It is based on sending bogus e-mails, which pretend to be an official request from victims bank or any other similar institution. These e-mails requests to insert victims private information on referenced page. This page looks similar to official internet banking and the user fills in all requested fields in good faith that all his information will be safe, which leads to the compromising of all of his information. Malware, Botnets and DDoS Attacks: According to Wajeb et al. (2011) nowadays, there is a huge variety of cyber threats that can be quite dangerous not only for big companies but also for an ordinary user, who can be a potential victim for cybercriminals when using unsafe system for entering confidential data, such as login, password, credit card numbers, etc. Among popular computer threats it is possible to distinguish several types depending on the means and ways they are realized. They are: malicious software (malware), DDoS attacks (Distributed Denial-of-Service), botnets. Shrutiet al. (2010) argues that Botnets are the network compromised machines under the control of a human operator. Using botnet attacker can perform various attacks like distributed denial of service (DDoS), email spamming, key logging, click fraud etc. DDoS attack is used to perform overloading in a network or system, so that an authorized user cannot use the service. Starting a distributed denial of service attack needs a whole bunch of machines. According to various sources, its very easy to compromise a computer. As soon as a computer is compromised it can be used to engage in malignant activities. A so called â€Å"Bot is created. One bot as itself cannot be very harmful but as a user gathers a collection of bots and binds them together, the user is creating a â€Å"BotNet which has a much high bandwidth capability. The communication between the bots is using a specific control channel which is owned by the bot herder or bot master (Burkhard et al., 2011, p.22). Malware infects PCs, waits for the user to log onto a list of targeted banks and financial institutions, and then steals their credentials which are sent to a remote server in real time (Gendron, 2010). A recent paper (Shih-Yao et al., 2009) indicates that malware is designed specifically to expose confidential information, such as system data, confidential files and documents, or logon credentials that are stored on the infected computer. With the widespread use of online shopping and Internet banking, the compromises of this nature results in significant financial loss, particularly if credit card information or banking details are exposed. Viruses: Online banking customers are being targeted by international cyber criminals who are using sophisticated computer viruses to empty their accounts. A new version of a well-known Trojan virus has stolen  £675,000 from about 3,000 online customers of an unnamed British bank, according to an internet security company (Griffiths and Harvey, 2010). The cash has been remotely transferred out of the accounts, held by businesses and individuals. The virus checks to see how much money is in the accounts, steals it and shows the customer fake bank balances to cover its tracks, the company said. It uncovered the scale of the theft after penetrating the criminals command-and-control server, which is based in Eastern Europe. The company said that it had informed the financial institution concerned and the police two weeks ago and the attack appeared to be continuing. Zeus v3 is one of a new wave of viruses that often invade consumers machines when they visit legitimate websites, in what is termed a drive-by infection (Griffiths and Harvey, 2010). Burton (2008) identified a Trojan virus labelled SilentBanker. SilentBanker is aptly named because this virus embeds itself on home computers after users have visited random websites and it has the ability to redirect money from customer’s accounts during a normal Internet banking session, all without any outward signs that a virus is at work. And most worrisome of all is that the usual indicators of a secure website; the locked padlock symbol and the letter â€Å"s† in a website address (https :), no longer guarantee that a website is secured. Spyware and Adware: Clutterbuck (2010) highlighted that, Spyware has been described as a software paradigm designed to illicitly collect and distribute targeted consumer information. â€Å"It is difficult to define spyware with precision. The working definition proposed was software that aids in gathering information about a person or organization without their knowledge and which may send such information to another entity without the consumer’s consent, or asserts control over a computer without the consumer’s knowledge.† In the analysis of Aycock (2010, pp.2) Adware can be considered a somewhat less harmful and usually more obvious form of Spyware. Spyware is covert; adware is overt. Just as for Spyware, there are behaviours that could be thought of as being characteristic of adware. Janice et al. (2008) defines Adware, a type of spyware, delivers specific advertisements and offerings, customized for individual users as they browse the web. These advertisements can take the form of pop-up or pop-under ads, web banners, redirected webpages, and spam e-mail. Some adware however, may alter a homepage by hijacking a web browser, or add URLs to bookmarks, to persistently present a competitors website or a look-alike site, disallowing the user web access for his own purposes. According to Janice et al. (2008) personal information such as financial data, passwords, and identification-tagged downloads can be transmitted, without the users knowledge or consent, to the spyware author or third-party sites. These sites can â€Å"phish† for data from user inputs while surfing, banking, and making purchases. The data could then be used to promote gambling, pornography, or fraudulent schemes, such as identity theft, to unsuspecting users. Insider Attacks: (Hui et al., 2010) defines insider and insider threat as â€Å"An insider is a current or former employee, a contractor or a business partner who has or had authorized access and intentionally exceeded that access in a manner that negatively affected the confidentiality, integrity or availability of the organization’s information or information systems’. Fyffe (2008, p.11-14) argues that, In response to the increase in data breaches and the need to monitor and prevent attacks at every level, security professionals are proactively seeking ways to combat the insider threat. Despite this increased focus, internal attacks remain difficult to prevent. The motivation of those behind the breaches can be difficult to identify and the perpetrators often hide in plain sight. In many cases, insider attacks are premeditated and deliberate, but organisations must also recognise that non-malicious insiders can inadvertently access and distribute sensitive information. Existing counter measures and why they are not effective? : (Paget, 2009) argues that financial fraud often starts with the diversion of personal information. A trash or recycling bin, a telephone conversation, or a poorly protected computer can be the starting point for fraud. Businesses are often vulnerable as well. Stolen laptops and data loss can lead to lasting damage to its brand image and heavy financial consequences for the company itself or its customers. In this respect, banks find themselves on the front line. Although it is impossible to completely eliminate the chance of becoming a victim of identity theft, individuals can effectively reduce their risk by following some commonsense recommendations. Anti-Phishing Counter measure: A recent paper (Abdullah and Malcolm, 2009) indicates that there have been different proposed anti-Phishing solutions to mitigate the problem of Phishing. Security toolbars have been used to prevent Phishing attacks such as SpoofStick. There are also anti-Phishing approaches that make users aware of Phishing emails and websites and how to avoid them. The most basic approach is publishing guidelines for the Internet users to follow when they go online. According to (Abdullah and Malcolm, 2009) Anti-Phishing training will make the end-user aware and it will erect an effective barrier against Phishing attempts. Anti-Phishing awareness was shown to have a great positive effect in mitigating the risk of Phishing. There is a variety of anti-Phishing training approaches to make users aware of Phishing emails and websites and to learn how to avoid them. People are vulnerable to phishing attacks because spoofed websites look very similar to legitimate websites. People have trouble identifying phishing sites even in tests in which they have been alerted about the possibility of such attacks. Furthermore, when phishers personalize their emails, they can further increase the likelihood that the attack will be successful. Researchers have developed several technical approaches to countering phishing attacks, including toolbars, email filters, and verified sender addresses. However, these approaches are not foolproof. In a recent study of 10 anti-phishing tools, only one tool was able to correctly identify over 90% of phishing websites, and that tool also incorrectly identified 42% of legitimate websites as fraudulent. Furthermore, while automated phishing detection is improving, phishers continuously adapt their attack techniques to improve their chances of success (Johnny, 2007). According to (Cranor, 2008) with so much of money at stake, the computer security community has been scrambling to develop tech ­nologies to combat phishing, such as filters for e-mail and Web browsers that flag phishing at ­tempts. Although such software has helped stop many attacks, phishers are constantly evolving their tactics to try to stay a step ahead of such technologies. Since phishing plays on human vul ­nerabilities, a successful attack requires a victim to succumb to the lure and take some action and it is also not strictly a technological problem. A review by Ponnurangam et al. (2010) indicates that most anti-phishing research has focused on solving the problem by eliminating the threat or warning users. However, little work has been done on educating people about phishing and other semantic attacks. Educating users about security is challenging, particularly in the context of phishing, because users are not motivated to read about security in general and therefore do not take time to educate themselves about phishing for most users, security is a secondary task (e.g. one does not go to an online banking website to check the SSL implementation of the website, but rather to perform a banking transaction) and it is difficult to teach people to make the right online trust decision. Malware, Botnets and DDoS Counter Measures: Traditional ways of counter-measuring botnets is generally restricted to spotting a central weak point in their infrastructure that can be manipulated, disrupted or blocked. The most common way is to cooperate with an Internet service provider to gain access and shut down the central component, resulting in a loss of control for the botnet owner: The botnet cannot be commanded anymore. Such actions are often performed during emergency response to an ongoing incident like a DDoS attack (Felix et al., 2009). According to (Felix et al., 2009) the most promising approach is to remove the base of a botnet, which is the CC server. Pulling the plug of the command-and-control host allows to extinguish the whole botnet in one go. Unfortunately this is only possible if all of the following conditions are met: 1. The botnet uses a centralized structure 2. The location of the CC server is known 3. The provider cooperates If any one of those conditions is not met, the CC server cannot be removed. A review by Muththolib et al. (2010) mentions that Static Passwords, also the most common type of authentication method used in e-banking websites. It is based on proof knowledge. This type of mechanisms is prone to all type of attacks and usually attacks like capture, replay, guessing or phishing are common and effective attacks. Soft-token Certificate/SSL-TLS,this mechanism conducts mutual authentication between the user terminal and internet banking server, based on the certificates stored on the user’s web browser. The mechanism is prone to malicious software attacks such as key logger screen captures and also allows access to the user’s certificate stored on the browser which would also result in identity theft Muththolib et al. (2010). Hard-token Certificate/SSL-TLS:in this mechanism it uses a token for the authentication process. This mechanism is prone to token attack tools, malicious software attacks and also these tokens can be stolen. One-time Password/Time-b ased Code Generator: in this mechanism a one-time password is generated by a random calculator, using a seed that is pre shared between a PIN protected user’s device and the Internet Banking Server. This mechanism is also prone to number of attacks including device theft. Viruses, Spyware and Adware Counter Measures: (Miko, 2010) argues that using trusted HW deviceslikeHW calculators, HW password generators, smart cardreaders, mobile phonewill help to block the viruses. Assume that the computer is under attacker control (e.g. via Trojan Horse). Using alternate channel (OOB – out of band) SMS messages, phone calls will help to overcome from the attack. Assume that all the communication computer ↔Internet is under attacker control. According to (Kishore, 2009) to protect the systems against Trojan horses, users should use virus scanners and be careful with downloaded software or e†mail attachments. However usage of one-time passwords (OTP) solves only credential stealing and the confirmation codes are not linked with authorising transaction which made more vulnerable to the viruses. Summary: Finally, from the above discussions we can understand that the bank industries faces an enormous growth with the help of   Internet banking facilities and also we can realize that how Internet banking becomes a negative aspect for the banking industry in the means of security issues which cannot be able to completely prevented with the use of existing counter measures. In the next step we can find out and analyse whether Bio-Metric technology is capable of providing a secured way of authentication in Internet banking to overcome the security threats. References: (Butler, 2007; Johnny, 2007; Burton, 2008; Cranor, 2008; Fyffe, 2008; Gerald Goh Guan Gan, 2008; Janice C. Sipior, 2008; Lee, 2008; Rachwald, 2008; Internet Banking Fraud: Why is Online Banking so Popular? , 2009; Abdullah Alnajim, 2009b; a; Aravind Duraiswamy, 2009; Felix Leder, 2009; Kishore, 2009; Paget, 2009; Shih-Yao Dai, 2009; Zakaria Karim, 2009; Michal Polasik, 2009 ; Aycock, 2010; Binshan Lin, 2010; Clutterbuck, 2010; Francisco Muà ±oz-Leiva, 2010; Gendron, 2010; Griffiths, 2010; Hui Wang, 2010; Miko, 2010; Muththolib Sidheeq, 2010; Petr Hanaeek, 2010; PONNURANGAM KUMARAGURU LORRIE FAITH CRANOR, 2010; Shruti Singh, 2010; Hisamatsu, 2010 ; Burkhard Stiller, 2011; Hossain Shahriar 2011; Laerte Peotta Jr, 2011; Pravin Soni, 2011; Wajeb Gharibi, 2011) Abdullah Alnajim, M. M. (2009a) An Approach to the Implementation of the Anti- Phishing Tool for Phishing Websites Detection, 2009 International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems. IEEE. [Online]. Available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=05370926 (Accessed: 30 March 2011). Abdullah Alnajim, M. M. (2009b) An Evaluation of Users’ Anti-Phishing Knowledge Retention, 2009 International Conference on Information Management and Engineering. 18 June 2009. IEEE. [Online]. Available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=arnumber=5077029 (Accessed: 30 March 2011). Aravind Duraiswamy, S. (2009) Security Testing Handbook for Banking Application. Cambridgeshire: IT Governance. Aycock, J. (2010) Spyware and Adware. [Online]. Available at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=enlr=id=UKNgoM3nLe0Coi=fndpg=PR7dq=spyware+and+adwareots=ISwyV-b5-ssig=EmiqG3ChX6bB5CZKkm_Lnc4cTKs#v=onepageqf=false (Accessed: 21 March 2011). Binshan Lin, A. Y.-L. C., Keng-Boon Ooi, Boon-In Tan (2010) Online banking adoption: an empirical analysis, International Journal of Bank Marketing,   28 (4), pp. 267-287   [Online]. Available at: http://jr3tv3gd5w.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.comrft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journalrft.genre=articlerft.atitle=Online+banking+adoption%3A+an+empirical+analysisrft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Bank+Marketingrft.au=Binshan+Linrft.au=Alain+Yee-Loong+Chongrft.au=Keng-Boon+Ooirft.au=Boon-In+Tanrft.date=2010-01-01rft.pub=Emerald+Group+Publishing+Limitedrft.issn=0265-2323rft.volume=28rft.issue=4rft.spage=267rft.epage=287rft_id=info:doi/10.1108%2F02652321011054963rft.externalDBID=n%2Farft.externalDocID=10_1108_02652321011054963 (Accessed: 17 March 2011). Burkhard Stiller, H., Fabio Hecht,Guilherme Machado,Andrei Vancea,Martin Waldburger (2011) Economic and Technical Analysis of BotNets and Denial-of-Service Attacks. Zurich University of Zurich [Online]. Available at: http://csg.ifi.uzh.ch/publications/ifi-2011.0001.pdf#page=19 (Accessed: 20 March 2011). Burton, J. (2008) Internet banking virus threatens bank accounts – consumers need to fortify home computer security. Burnaby: BC Crime Prevention Association [Online]. Available at: bccpa.org/bccpa/newsroom/latest/Feb_14_08_SilentBanker_trojan.pdf (Accessed: 27 March 2011). Butler, R. (2007) A framework of anti-phishing measures aimed at protecting the online consumers identity, The Electronic Library,   25 (5), pp. 517-533   [Online]. Available at: emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0264-0473volume=25issue=5articleid=1634496show=html (Accessed: 20 March 2011). Clutterbuck, P. (2010) Spyware Security Management via a Public Key Infrastructure for Client-Side Web Communicating Applications, 2010 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology : (CIT 2010). Brisbane IEEE. [Online]. Available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=arnumber=5578087 (Accessed: 21 March 2011). Cranor, L. F. (2008) Can Phishing be Foiled? Carnegie Mellon University [Online]. 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